Traditional Docker builds were serial. The legacy builder processed your Dockerfile line-by-line, top-to-bottom. If you had a multi-stage build where the "frontend" and "backend" didn't depend on each other, you still had to wait for one to finish before the other started. Furthermore, every build required sending the entire "context" (all your files) to the Docker daemon, even if you only changed one line of code.
Since Docker v23.0, the "Legacy Builder" is officially deprecated for Linux. We now use a two-part system:
Unlike the old builder, BuildKit analyses your Dockerfile and creates a .
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BuildKit introduces features that make "hardened" images possible:
RUN --mount=type=secret,id=api_key to use sensitive tokens during a build. Unlike ARG or ENV, these secrets are never stored in the image layers.--ssh) to clone private Git repos without ever copying your private keys into the container.With Buildx, you can build for amd64 (Intel/AMD) and arm64 (Apple Silicon/AWS Graviton) simultaneously.
Using the docker-container driver, Buildx creates a manifest list that automatically points the user to the correct image for their hardware.
If your docker build commands are becoming 10 lines long with various --build-arg, --secret, and --platform flags, it's time to use Bake.


